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He likens it to hypothetical terms like “luteal–gestational progestins” or “mammary–uterine estrogens”. Relatedly, Handelsman exclusively uses the term “androgen” to refer to these agents in his publications. Handelsman has argued that these terms should be discarded, and that instead, AAS should all simply be referred to as “androgens”. A study conducted in 1993 by the Canadian Centre for Drug-Free Sport found that nearly 83,000 Canadians between the ages of 11 and 18 use steroids. This was related to the subsequent discovery of a single androgen receptor (AR) mediating the effects of AAS in both muscle and reproductive tissue. In 1953, a testosterone-derived steroid known as norethandrolone (17α-ethyl-19-nortestosterone) was synthesized at G. Olympic Team physician John Ziegler worked with synthetic chemists to develop an AAS with reduced androgenic effects. revista of gonadal steroids can be traced back to 1931, when Adolf Butenandt, a chemist in Marburg, purified 15 milligrams of the male hormone androstenone from tens of thousands of litres of urine.